Is there terminology for an image that has software installed but no stage specific settings? Likewise for an image that has software installed and is pre-baked with stage specific settings?
First one tends to be base
Second one is usually the name of the environment
These would be part of a longer name with more details
For example:
tomcat-base or tomcat-8-base
tomcat-prod or tomcat-8-prod
But I recommend never doing stage specific images. Instead the differences should be handled by runtime data (environment variables, external queries data, etc)